India's cultural diversity can be seen in its languages, festivals, cuisines, music, architecture, crafts and performing arts. Its traditions have developed through geography, migration, trade and centuries of interaction. Many cultures within one countryIndia's cultural landscape differs greatly from region to region. Geography, historical migration, trade, religion, local communities and political history have all contributed to distinctive traditions as well as shared cult

Indian history spans thousands of years and includes urban civilisations, empires, regional kingdoms, cultural exchange, social reform and a long freedom movement. This overview provides a clear chronological framework. Early urban civilisationThe Indus or Harappan civilisation is known for planned settlements, drainage systems, craft production and long-distance trade. Archaeological evidence provides important insights into early urban life in the subcontinent. Early histor